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Sugar detox? Cutting carbs? A doctor explains why you should keep fruit on the menu

Photograph of fresh watermelon and blueberries
Image by silviarita from Pixabay

Jennifer Rooke, Morehouse School of Medicine

One of my patients – who had been struggling with obesity, uncontrolled diabetes and the cost of her medications – agreed in June 2019 to adopt a more whole-food plant-based diet.

Excited by the challenge, she did a remarkable job. She increased her fresh fruit and vegetable intake, stopped eating candy, cookies and cakes and cut down on foods from animal sources. Over six months, she lost 19 pounds and her HbA1c – a measure of her average blood sugar – dropped from 11.5% to 7.6%.

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Testing ways to encourage exercise

Photo of running shoes and weights
Image by Steve Buissinne from Pixabay

by Sharon Reynolds – US National Institutes of Health

At a Glance

  • A large nationwide study identified inexpensive interventions that boosted weekly gym visits by up to 27%.
  • The results point to affordable strategies to help increase the amount of exercise Americans get on a regular basis.
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Kids shouldn’t eat added sugar before they turn 2

Photo of child eating ice cream sandwich
Avoiding or reducing added sugar in your child’s diet can be tricky. Andrii Zorii/iStock via Getty Images Plus

A nutritional epidemiologist explains why kids shouldn’t eat added sugar before they turn 2.

Lisa Bodnar, University of Pittsburgh Health Sciences

I remember a decade ago sitting in front of my 9-month-old daughter, who was in her high chair, and trying to spoon-feed her a pureed green vegetable. It didn’t matter if it was peas, green beans or something else, because the outcome was the same: I spooned it into her mouth, and it came right back out.

Compare this with feeding her applesauce, for which she would open her mouth after each bite and almost bounce in her chair with pleasure. I nearly danced along with her. This was easier! Let’s just keep doing this! But as a nutritional epidemiologist, I knew that solely satisfying her desire for sweetness would not benefit her health in the long run.

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How effective are vaccines against omicron?

Computer-designed image of a coronavirus
New variants of the coronavirus are all slightly different from the original strain that vaccines were based on, so immunity to variants may be different. Alexey Solodovnikov, Valeria Arkhipova/WikimediaCommons, CC BY-SA

An epidemiologist answers 6 questions about vaccine effectiveness against Omicron

Melissa Hawkins, American University

The pandemic has brought many tricky terms and ideas from epidemiology into everyone’s lives. Two particularly complicated concepts are vaccine efficacy and effectiveness. These are not the same thing. And as time goes on and new variants like omicron emerge, they are changing, too. Melissa Hawkins is an epidemiologist and public health researcher at American University. She explains the way researchers calculate how well a vaccine prevents disease, what influences these numbers and how omicron is changing things.

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Global warming affecting western and eastern states differently

Photo of burning tree inside forest fire
FILE - In this Sept. 19, 2021, file photo, flames lick up a tree as the Windy Fire burns in the Trail of 100 Giants grove in Sequoia National Forest, Calif. California is set to get its first significant soaking of the season this week, with forecasters predicting up to 7 inches of rain is possible in some parched parts of the state. On Tuesday, Oct. 19, 2021, state water officials said the rain could be enough to lessen some water restrictions imposed on farmers earlier this year, though it won’t be enough to catch California up on all the water is lost this summer. (AP Photo/Noah Berger, File)

2021’s climate disasters revealed an east-west weather divide, with one side of the country too wet, the other dangerously dry

Shuang-Ye Wu, University of Dayton

Alongside a lingering global pandemic, the year 2021 was filled with climate disasters, some so intense they surprised even the scientists who study them.

Extreme rainstorms turned to raging flash floods that swept through mountain towns in Europe, killing over 200 people. Across Asia, excessive rainfall inundated wide areas and flooded subway stations in China. Heat waves shattered records in the Pacific Northwest, Europe and the Arctic. Wildfires swept through communities in California, Canada, Greece and Australia. And those were only a few of the extremes.

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Stress is contagious in relationships

Photograph of you couple looking depressed at Christmas time
Relationship stress can hit new highs during the holidays. Aaron Amat/iStock via Getty Images Plus

Here’s what you can do to support your partner and boost your own health during the holidays and beyond

Rosie Shrout, Purdue University

With the flurry of shopping, spending money and traveling to see family, stress can feel inevitable during the holidays.

You might already know stress can affect your own health, but what you may not realize is that your stress – and how you manage it – is catching. Your stress can spread around, particularly to your loved ones.

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Cognitive Decline – Risk Factors

Drawing of an eraser, erasing a persons brain
Mild cognitive decline may only be a precursor to dementia for some. FGC/ Shutterstock

Risk factors that determine whether you’re more or less likely to develop cognitive decline

Mark Dallas, University of Reading

About two in ten people over the age of 65 have mild cognitive impairment – a noticeable change in their memory, problem-solving abilities or attention. This is caused, in part, by the same brain changes that occur in dementia. While mild cognitive impairment often has little effect on a person’s way of living, 5-10% of people with it will develop dementia.

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Tornadoes and climate change

Photo of a massive swirling thunderstorm over a tiny barn
Tornadoes are hard to capture in climate models. Mike Coniglio/NOAA/NSSL

What a warming world means for deadly twisters and the type of storms that spawn them

John Allen, Central Michigan University

The deadly tornado outbreak that tore through communities from Arkansas to Illinois on the night of Dec. 10-11, 2021, was so unusual in its duration and strength, particularly for December, that a lot of people including the U.S. president are asking what role climate change might have played – and whether tornadoes will become more common in a warming world.

Both questions are easier asked than answered, but research is offering new clues.

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California’s water supplies are in trouble

Photo of a rapidly drying Lake in California
Several of California’s reservoirs were at less than one-third of their capacity in early December 2021. Martha Conklin, CC BY-ND

California’s water supplies are in trouble as climate change worsens natural dry spells, especially in the Sierra Nevada

Roger Bales, University of California, Merced

California is preparing for a third straight year of drought, and officials are tightening limits on water use to levels never seen so early in the water year. Most of the state’s water reservoirs are well below average, with several at less than a third of their capacity. The outlook for rain and snow this winter, when most of the state’s yearly precipitation arrives, isn’t promising.

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Intranasal COVID-19 vaccine effective in animal studies

Photo of a
Image by Amol Sharma from Pixabay
US National Institutes of Health
At a Glance
  • A nasal spray of the Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine protected hamsters and monkeys against serious disease and reduced the amount of virus in the nose.
  • Less virus in the nasal passages could decrease the risk that vaccinated people spread the virus, even if they don’t feel sick.
  • A clinical trial is underway to test intranasal vaccination in people.
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